Accelerating Social Implementation through Software Platform Development
It is self-evident that if a quantum computer is to be called a ‘computer,’ it must be provided in a state where it can be ‘used’ as a computer. Under this premise, when considering the separation of ‘hardware’ and ‘software,’ the key to widespread adoption and practical use of quantum computing in society lies in how the software is applied—essentially, the ‘use cases’ that demonstrate what it can be used for and the value it generates. The ‘software platform’ defined by Q-STAR is positioned as an interface that separates the hardware and software worlds, effectively serving as a middleware layer.
The research and development of hardware technology for quantum computers are progressing rapidly, with multiple approaches being pursued, and it is still uncertain which hardware will become mainstream. In this context, to consider the applications of software without being affected by changes in hardware, we believe that a middleware layer, or an intermediate layer, is necessary. Providing this middleware as a ‘platform’ is the fundamental concept behind the software platform as envisioned by Q-STAR.
In the context of the utilization and implementation of traditional computers, a complex and multilayered structure has been defined between the hardware and application software. While such distinctions are not yet clearly defined for quantum computers, we believe that a similar approach will eventually be applied.
The Realization and Definition of the Software Platform at Q-STAR
In the current early stage of the market, we are promoting the development of an environment where a clear line is drawn between hardware and software, and a platform—essentially middleware—is introduced. This approach allows for the exploration of use cases that can be implemented without being affected by the advancements in hardware.
As for the hardware that will be used, there is an immediate need for Ising and quantum-inspired machines that can be utilized for demonstrations immediately. The key point here is that even as hardware evolves, applications can be developed in a somewhat standardized manner, and their usage can be anticipated. Platforms and middleware are indispensable for experimenting with use cases on existing hardware and connecting them to practical business applications.
There is a sense of urgency that merely waiting for hardware to advance could lead to the decline of the technology, making it necessary to consider specific use cases. It is also important to conduct theoretical studies and actively engage in practical implementation. For this reason, we are working in collaboration with various working groups to establish testbeds for user companies to conduct trials and to standardize the specifications of middleware.
In Japan, due to historical circumstances, Ising machines, which utilize existing computing technologies, have been introduced ahead of other technologies. When introducing Ising machines overseas, the differences can be complex and difficult to understand. Therefore, middleware is expected to play a role in making the technology of Ising machines more comprehensible. The middleware being developed by Q-STAR is characterized by its compatibility with machines from any vendor.
Our observation is that there are few software companies overseas working on the development and provision of Ising machines, and the concept of establishing middleware for them is not widely considered. In this regard, we believe there is an opportunity to expand Japan’s technology to customers around the world.
Practical Initiatives Toward the Realization of a Software Platform
Activities to study the implementation level of the platform and promote its use are being carried out mainly by the Combinatorial Optimization Subcommittee within Q-STAR. Combinatorial optimization problems have been rediscovered in recent years because of their potential to be solved by quantum computers. Some experts have pointed out that it may be possible to solve the problem by devising a combinatorial optimization algorithm by oneself without using an Ising machine, but we believe that the introduction of middleware and software will make the technology more accessible to programmers who are not experts in the field, further expanding the range of applications. We believe that introducing middleware and software will make it easier for non-specialist programmers to use the technology and expand its range of applications.
The common platform that Q-STAR aims to provide is the same as the SDK offered by Fixstars Amplify, a member company. By using the SDK, general programmers can easily write and solve combinatorial optimization algorithms. It is essential to provide tools like the SDK that serve an educational role in rediscovering combinatorial optimization problems and are easy to use even without specialized knowledge. This will enable the application of combinatorial optimization problems in various fields, even before the full realization of quantum computers, leading to the creation of business opportunities and the generation of profits.
Overseas Collaboration on Software Platforms
We have signed memorandums of understanding with various private sector quantum-related organizations and are moving toward closer collaboration. We are exploring ways to collaborate with organizations such as QED-C in the U.S. and QuIC in Europe, as well as with AIST and its counterparts overseas, in ways that involve both the public and private sectors. and invite them to participate in the use case exploration.
This initiative is important for two reasons. First, it helps showcase Japan’s strengths in Ising machines and the exploration of use cases. Second, it offers a perspective of expanding business by having people overseas use Japanese technology. There may be latent demand for Ising machines abroad, and the potential of combinatorial optimization problems is universal. By first rediscovering the importance of combinatorial optimization problems from this perspective, and then providing a useful common platform for solving these problems, we hope it will create opportunities for companies to expand their businesses within a global ecosystem.
At present, many user companies in this field are primarily gathering information, but use cases and hardware advancements will not emerge simply by waiting; they progress through mutual stimulation. A new computing paradigm is on the verge of being established, but no one fully understands or has yet discovered what the next generation of computing will look like.
In this context, at Q-STAR, we aim to work together with our member companies with a spirit of ‘co-creation,’ enjoying the process as we go. By presenting ideas like ‘It would be great if we could use it in this way,’ we will work on introducing these concepts to user companies while also providing new insights to developers on the vendor side.
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